电解器

电解器的电荷

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Library:
SIMSCAPE /电气 /电源

描述

The电解器block represents the electric load associated with an electrolyzer. An electrolyzer consists of an anode and a cathode separated by an electrolyte. The block calculates the amount of produced hydrogen based on the electrical energy provided and the water temperature in the tank.

In polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, these chemical reactions define the anode and cathode conversions:

$2 H_{2} O \to O_{2} + 4 H^{+} + 4 e^{-}$

$4 H^{+} + 4 e^{-} \to 2 H_{2}$

电解堆栈包括几个串联的单个电解室细胞。指定Assumption pH参数以pH依赖性状态或具有恒定pH值的理想状态进行建模。

Equations

电解盘块通过使用

$P_{E} = \frac{v^{2}}{R_{T}},$

wherev是电压和R_T是总电阻。总电阻，R_T, is defined by

$\frac{1}{R_{T}} = \frac{1}{R_{e l}} + \frac{1}{R},$

where:

R是外部电阻。
$R_{e l} = \frac{ρ (p H) x}{A} .$ This value is a resistive term obtained from the cross-sectional transport area,A，距离阳极 - 阴极，x，以及溶液的电阻率，ρ（pH）.

The molar energy stored across the electrical load enables the process of water electrolysis and is calculated by this equation:

$G_{E} = \frac{P_{E}}{1 m o l / s} .$

To accomplish electrolysis, the electrolyzer requires a minimum amount of energy

$G_{\min} = δ H - \frac{T}{T_{0}} T_{δ S},$

where:

ΔHis the water enthalpy.
T_δsis the reaction entropy.
T是水温。
T₀is the reference temperature.

如果电能不足以解离水，则电解液不会产生氢。因此，电解液块计算电子的摩尔速率，mol_e, and the mole rate of hydrogen,mol_H2

$m o l_{e} = {\begin{matrix} \frac{μ (G_{E} - G_{\min})}{e_{V} N_{A}} & G_{E} > G_{\min} \\ 0 & G_{E} \leq G_{\min} \end{matrix}$

$m o l_{H 2} = {\begin{matrix} \frac{N_{c} m o l_{e}}{2}, & G_{E} > G_{\min} \\ 0, & G_{E} \leq G_{\min} \end{matrix}$

where:

N_Ais the Avogadro constant.
e_Vis the energy per electron.
N_c是细胞的数量。
μ是电解的温度依赖性效率。

然后将流过电莱奶罐的电流作为

$i = m o l_{e} F,$

whereF是法拉第常数。

The Electrolyzer block calculates the mass rates of consumed water and generated hydrogen by using these equations:

$\begin{array}{l} {\dot{m}}_{H 2 O} = m o l_{H 2} M_{H 2 O} \\ {\dot{m}}_{H 2} = m o l_{H 2} M_{H 2} \end{array}$

whereM_H2O是摩尔的水和M_H2is the molar mass of hydrogen.

To compute the pH of the water in the tank, the block uses

$p H = - Ln (\frac{x_{h p}}{m o l_{H 2_a c c}}),$

where:

$x_{h p} = {\begin{matrix} \int m o l_{e}, & p H a s s u m e d c o n s t a n t \\ \int (1 - p u r g e) m o l_{e}, & p H a s s u m e d d y n a m i c \end{matrix}$ captures the floating hydrons (H+) in the solution.
$m o l_{H 2_a c c} = \frac{V ρ_{H 2 O} (T)}{M_{H 2 O}}$ is the number of moles of water.
Vis the volume.
ρ_H2O(T)是水箱中水的密度。

电解液中溶液中的残留质子自然会随着时间的推移增加水箱中水的pH值和电导率。电导率的增加导致失控现象。为了防止逃跑，您必须通过取出水箱的体积并填充清洁的水来清除水箱中的水。

端口

保存

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`+`- 正末端
电气

Electrical conserving port associated with the anode of the electrolyzer tank.

`-`— Negative terminal
电气

Electrical conserving port associated with the cathode of the electrolyzer tank.

输入

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`purge`——清除逻辑输入,没有单位的
physical signal

清除逻辑输入，指定为物理信号。该信号使水中的水取代。

`vol`— Water volume, m^3
physical signal

Water volume in the electrolyzer tank, in m³, specified as a physical signal.

`T`- 水温，K
physical signal

Water temperature, in K, specified as a physical signal.

Output

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`volPurging`— Purged water volume, m^3
physical signal

Volume of water consumed for purging, in m³, specified as a physical signal.

`ph`- 水pH，无单位
physical signal

Water pH in the electrolyzer tank, specified as a physical signal.

`mdotH2`— Mass flow rate of hydrogen, g/s
physical signal

氢的质量流速为g/s，指定为物理信号。

`mdoth2o`- 消耗水的质量流量，g/s
physical signal

Mass flow rate of the consumed water, in g/s, specified as a physical signal.

Parameters

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`Assumption pH`- 恒定或动态pH
`持续的`（默认）|`动态的`

是在电解室储罐中假设恒定还是动态pH。

`反抗`- 外部电阻
`10欧姆`（默认）|非负标量

Amount of external resistance.

`Cross-sectional transport area`- 横截面运输区
`0.04m^2`（默认）|正标量

与阳极和阴极连接的向量的正常区域。带正电荷的离子从该区域从阳极到阴极遍布该区域，在那里它们减少并产生氢。

`距离阳极阴极`— Distance between anode and cathode
`0.01m`（默认）|正标量

Distance between the anode and the cathode, submerged in the electrolytic solution.

`Number of electrode pairs`— Electrode pairs
`4`（默认）|正标量

电极对数。

`细胞数量`— Number of cells
`50`（默认）|正标量

细胞数量in the electrolyzer.

`Initial pH`— Initial pH
`0`（默认）|scalar

水箱中水的初始pH值。

`持续的ph`- 恒定pH
`6`（默认）|scalar

持续的phvalue of the water in the tank.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, setAssumption pHto持续的.

`pH矢量，ph_vec`- pH矢量
`[5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7]`（默认）|阳性标量的行矢量

Vector of pH values. This parameter must have the same number of elements as the电resistivity vector, rho_vecparameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, setAssumption pHto动态的

`电resistivity vector, rho_vec`— Electrical resistivity vector
`[.2，.75，2.5，8，18.2]mohm*cm`（默认）|标量向量

Vector of electrical resistivity values. This parameter must have the same number of elements as thepH矢量，ph_vecparameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, setAssumption pHto动态的

`Temperature vector for efficiency, T_vec`- 效率温度矢量
`[273, 298, 323, 348, 373]K`（默认）|标量向量

Vector of temperatures for efficiency. This parameter must have the same number of elements as theElectrolysis efficiency vector, efficiency(T)parameter.

`Electrolysis efficiency vector, efficiency(T)`— Electrolysis efficiency vector
`（5，1）`（默认）|标量向量

Vector of electrolysis efficiency values. This parameter must have the same number of elements as theTemperature vector for efficiency, T_vecparameter.

Model Examples

Green Hydrogen Microgrid

DC岛的微电网，可使用太阳能阵列和储能系统为电解仪提供电力。您可以使用此模型来评估通过太阳能阵列中的功率或太阳能阵列和储能系统的组合，在7天的7天内生产绿色氢的操作特征。该模型包括电气，热液体和热气体域。

开放型号

参考

[1] Maximilian Schalenbach et al. “A Perspective on Low-Temperature Water Electrolysis - Challenges in Alkaline and Acidic Technology”.国际电化学杂志13，（2018）：1173-1226。

Extended Capabilities

C/C ++代码生成
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

在R2022a中引入

电解器

描述

Equations

端口

保存

+- 正末端电气

-— Negative terminal电气

输入

purge——清除逻辑输入,没有单位的physical signal

vol— Water volume, m^3physical signal

T- 水温，Kphysical signal

Output

volPurging— Purged water volume, m^3physical signal

ph- 水pH，无单位physical signal

mdotH2— Mass flow rate of hydrogen, g/sphysical signal

mdoth2o- 消耗水的质量流量，g/sphysical signal

Parameters

Assumption pH- 恒定或动态pH持续的（默认）|动态的

反抗- 外部电阻10欧姆（默认）|非负标量

Cross-sectional transport area- 横截面运输区0.04m^2（默认）|正标量

距离阳极阴极— Distance between anode and cathode0.01m（默认）|正标量

Number of electrode pairs— Electrode pairs4（默认）|正标量

细胞数量— Number of cells50（默认）|正标量

Initial pH— Initial pH0（默认）|scalar

持续的ph- 恒定pH6（默认）|scalar

Dependencies

pH矢量，ph_vec- pH矢量[5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7]（默认）|阳性标量的行矢量

Dependencies

电resistivity vector, rho_vec— Electrical resistivity vector[.2，.75，2.5，8，18.2]mohm*cm（默认）|标量向量

Dependencies

Temperature vector for efficiency, T_vec- 效率温度矢量[273, 298, 323, 348, 373]K（默认）|标量向量

Electrolysis efficiency vector, efficiency(T)— Electrolysis efficiency vector（5，1）（默认）|标量向量

Model Examples

Green Hydrogen Microgrid

参考

Extended Capabilities

C/C ++代码生成Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

See Also

`+`- 正末端
电气

`-`— Negative terminal
电气

`purge`——清除逻辑输入,没有单位的
physical signal

`vol`— Water volume, m^3
physical signal

`T`- 水温，K
physical signal

`volPurging`— Purged water volume, m^3
physical signal

`ph`- 水pH，无单位
physical signal

`mdotH2`— Mass flow rate of hydrogen, g/s
physical signal

`mdoth2o`- 消耗水的质量流量，g/s
physical signal

`Assumption pH`- 恒定或动态pH
`持续的`（默认）|`动态的`

`反抗`- 外部电阻
`10欧姆`（默认）|非负标量

`Cross-sectional transport area`- 横截面运输区
`0.04m^2`（默认）|正标量

`距离阳极阴极`— Distance between anode and cathode
`0.01m`（默认）|正标量

`Number of electrode pairs`— Electrode pairs
`4`（默认）|正标量

`细胞数量`— Number of cells
`50`（默认）|正标量

`Initial pH`— Initial pH
`0`（默认）|scalar

`持续的ph`- 恒定pH
`6`（默认）|scalar

`pH矢量，ph_vec`- pH矢量
`[5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7]`（默认）|阳性标量的行矢量

`电resistivity vector, rho_vec`— Electrical resistivity vector
`[.2，.75，2.5，8，18.2]mohm*cm`（默认）|标量向量

`Temperature vector for efficiency, T_vec`- 效率温度矢量
`[273, 298, 323, 348, 373]K`（默认）|标量向量

`Electrolysis efficiency vector, efficiency(T)`— Electrolysis efficiency vector
`（5，1）`（默认）|标量向量

C/C ++代码生成
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.